Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation: Scientists explain the nature of geometric formations on the surface of Mars

13.04.2026

Scientists from Volgograd State Technical University have explained how surprising geometric structures appear on the surface of Mars.

Such "patterns" are not a unique feature of Mars. On Earth, one can also find natural formations of regular shape – hexagonal basalt columns, polygonal cracks in dried clay, or rhythmic dunes. Their formation is based on the distribution of stress in the ground, phase transitions of substances, and the tendency of the environment to reach an energetically stable state. Mars adds its own unique conditions to this process: sharp temperature fluctuations, a rarefied atmosphere, traces of ancient ice, and active wind erosion.

Candor Chasma: pyramids and wedges

In this region, known for powerful layers of sediment, researchers have noted massifs resembling regular spatial figures. The canyon's layered structure is likely associated with the deposition of dust and volcanic ash. Rock destruction here occurs in an orderly manner: the alternation of layers with different strengths gives the process a geometrically distinct character.

Utopia Planitia: a subsurface grid

On the Utopia Plain, patterns of polygons are visible. Data from the Chinese rover Zhurong (2021–2022) made it possible to discover a buried polygonal relief at depths of up to 35 meters. Such a grid forms due to cyclic cracking of frozen ground: with constant temperature fluctuations, the ice in the ground alternately expands and contracts, creating a stable network of cracks.

Back To List